path: root/vendor/github.com/gin-gonic/gin/README.md

#Gin Web Framework [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/gin-gonic/gin/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/gin-gonic/gin?branch=master)  

 [![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)  [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)

Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin. 

![Gin console logger](https://gin-gonic.github.io/gin/other/console.png)

```
$ cat test.go
```
```go 
package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})
	r.Run(":8080") // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
}
```

## Benchmarks

Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)  

[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)


```
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll     10000        109482 ns/op       13792 B/op        167 allocs/op
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll    10000        287490 ns/op       79952 B/op        943 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll        3000        562184 ns/op      146272 B/op       2092 allocs/op
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll      500       2578716 ns/op      648016 B/op       8119 allocs/op
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll       20000         94955 ns/op       20224 B/op        167 allocs/op
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll    30000         58705 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll     30000         50991 ns/op           0 B/op          0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll       5000        449648 ns/op      133280 B/op       1889 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll     2000        689748 ns/op       56113 B/op        334 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll       5000        537769 ns/op      135995 B/op       2940 allocs/op
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll         100      18410628 ns/op      797236 B/op       7725 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll        200       8036360 ns/op      153137 B/op       1791 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll      20000         63506 ns/op       13792 B/op        167 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll     10000        165927 ns/op       56112 B/op        334 allocs/op
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll       10000        171362 ns/op       23304 B/op        843 allocs/op
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll      2000        817008 ns/op      224960 B/op       2315 allocs/op
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll       100      12609209 ns/op      237952 B/op       2686 allocs/op
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll       300       4830398 ns/op     1504101 B/op      32222 allocs/op
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll      10000        301716 ns/op       97440 B/op        812 allocs/op
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll    10000        270691 ns/op       77328 B/op       1182 allocs/op
BenchmarkRevel_GithubAll        1000       1491919 ns/op      345553 B/op       5918 allocs/op
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll       10000        283860 ns/op       84272 B/op       1079 allocs/op
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll        5000        473821 ns/op       87078 B/op       2470 allocs/op
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll       2000       1120131 ns/op      241088 B/op       6052 allocs/op
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll       200       8708979 ns/op     2664762 B/op      22390 allocs/op
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll       5000        353392 ns/op       19894 B/op        609 allocs/op
BenchmarkZeus_GithubAll     2000        944234 ns/op      300688 B/op       2648 allocs/op
```


##Gin v1. stable

- [x] Zero allocation router.
- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
- [x] Complete suite of unit tests
- [x] Battle tested
- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.


## Start using it
1. Download and install it:

```sh
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
2. Import it in your code:

```go
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
```

##API Examples

#### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS

```go
func main() {
	// Creates a gin router with default middlewares:
	// logger and recovery (crash-free) middlewares
	router := gin.Default()

	router.GET("/someGet", getting)
	router.POST("/somePost", posting)
	router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
	router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
	router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
	router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
	router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	router.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Parameters in path

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	
	// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
	router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
	})

	// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
	// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/join/
	router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		action := c.Param("action")
		message := name + " is " + action
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})
	
	router.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Querystring parameters
```go
func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    // Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.  
    // The request responds to a url matching:  /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
    router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
        firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
        lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")

        c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}
```

### Multipart/Urlencoded Form 

```go
func main() {
    router := gin.Default()

    router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
        message := c.PostForm("message")
        nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
                
        c.JSON(200, gin.H{
            "status": "posted",
            "message": message,
        })
    })
    router.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Grouping routes
```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	// Simple group: v1
	v1 := router.Group("/v1")
	{
		v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	// Simple group: v2
	v2 := router.Group("/v2")
	{
		v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	router.Run(":8080")
}
```


#### Blank Gin without middlewares by default

Use

```go
r := gin.New()
```
instead of

```go
r := gin.Default()
```


#### Using middlewares
```go
func main() {
	// Creates a router without any middleware by default
	r := gin.New()

	// Global middlewares
	r.Use(gin.Logger())
	r.Use(gin.Recovery())

	// Per route middlewares, you can add as many as you desire.
	r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

	// Authorization group
	// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
	// exactly the same than:
	authorized := r.Group("/")
	// per group middlewares! in this case we use the custom created
	// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
	authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
	{
		authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

		// nested group
		testing := authorized.Group("testing")
		testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
	}

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Model binding and validation

To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).

Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.

When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use BindWith. 

You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, the current request will fail with an error.

```go
// Binding from JSON
type LoginJSON struct {
	User     string `json:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
}

// Binding from form values
type LoginForm struct {
    User     string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
    Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`   
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

    // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
	r.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var json LoginJSON

        c.Bind(&json) // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
        if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
        } else {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
        }
	})

    // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
    r.POST("/loginHTML", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var form LoginForm

        c.BindWith(&form, binding.Form) // You can also specify which binder to use. We support binding.Form, binding.JSON and binding.XML.
        if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
        } else {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
        }
    })

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```


###Multipart/Urlencoded binding 
```go
package main

import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
)

type LoginForm struct {
	User     string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {

	router := gin.Default()

	router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
		// c.BindWith(&form, binding.Form)
		// or you can simply use autobinding with Bind method:
		var form LoginForm
		c.Bind(&form) // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected

		if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
			c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
		} else {
			c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
		}
	})

	router.Run(":8080")

}
```

Test it with:
```bash
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
```


#### XML and JSON rendering

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// You also can use a struct
		var msg struct {
			Name    string `json:"user"`
			Message string
			Number  int
		}
		msg.Name = "Lena"
		msg.Message = "hey"
		msg.Number = 123
		// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
		// Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
	})

	r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

####Serving static files

```go
func main() {
    router := gin.Default()
    router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
    router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
    router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")

    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
    router.Run(":8080")
}
```

####HTML rendering

Using LoadHTMLTemplates()

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
	//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
	router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
			"title": "Main website",
		})
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}
```
```html
<html><h1>
	{{ .title }}
</h1>
</html>
```

You can also use your own html template render

```go
import "html/template"

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
	router.Run(":8080")
}
```


#### Redirects

Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy:

```go
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})
```
Both internal and external locations are supported.


#### Custom Middlewares

```go
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
	return func(c *gin.Context) {
		t := time.Now()

		// Set example variable
		c.Set("example", "12345")

		// before request

		c.Next()

		// after request
		latency := time.Since(t)
		log.Print(latency)

		// access the status we are sending
		status := c.Writer.Status()
		log.Println(status)
	}
}

func main() {
	r := gin.New()
	r.Use(Logger())

	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
		example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

		// it would print: "12345"
		log.Println(example)
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Using BasicAuth() middleware
```go
// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
	"foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
	"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
	"lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
	// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
	authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
		"foo":    "bar",
		"austin": "1234",
		"lena":   "hello2",
		"manu":   "4321",
	}))

	// /admin/secrets endpoint
	// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
	authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// get user, it was setted by the BasicAuth middleware
		user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
		if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
		}
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```


#### Goroutines inside a middleware
When starting inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
		c_cp := c.Copy()
		go func() {
			// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

			// note than you are using the copied context "c_cp", IMPORTANT
			log.Println("Done! in path " + c_cp.Request.URL.Path)
		}()
	})


	r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

		// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
		log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
	})

    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Custom HTTP configuration

Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
```
or

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	s := &http.Server{
		Addr:           ":8080",
		Handler:        router,
		ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
		MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
	}
	s.ListenAndServe()
}
```